Mobile pyrolysis machine
Mobile pyrolysis machine (MPM) allows to process waste of public utilities, urban farms, industrial and agricultural enterprises. MPM can also be used for recycling of used tires, sewage treatment residues, biomass and contaminated land, trees after a fire, etc.
One of the methods of decontamination is thermal decomposition - disintegration of particles of chemical compounds into smaller particles under temperature. Pyrolysis outputs include liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, the remainders are charred solid substances.
Different machines are widely known with the appropriate design for pyrolysis of waste.
According to the patent
Patent
French Patent # FR-A-2678850 covers a furnace for waste pyrolysis with an air tight chamber, preferably by a roller rotating around its longitudinal axis and having an input device for feeding of waste into the chamber, as well as a gas outlet..
Polish Patent #147073 covers a tunnel furnace for pyrolysis of used tires with a tunnel made of a steel pipe, which is divided into the input camera, the heating zone, the evaporation zone, the output zone, the cooling zone and a discharge chamber. There are waste containers inside the tunnel furnace placed in such a way that they can be moved in the corresponding furnace zone either altogether or one by one from one of the furnace zones to another.
Russian patent #2175977 covers a coal pyrolysis furnace having a box-like design, mounted on the frame, a box-shaped loading block which moves longitudinally inside, as well as containers for raw materials which move in the loading block.
The main disadvantage of the known machines for pyrolysis of waste is a complex structure of the technological system, as well as significant size and weight. Known machines are mostly stationary plants, and wastes need to be delivered to them from different places where they are produced.
Transportation of wastes to the processing sites requires use of significant amounts of special vehicles; this reduces cost-effectiveness of wastes disposal. When transporting wastes there is a risk of adverse impacts on environment and humans.
It is a huge problem to discharge wastes resulted from accidents and natural disasters, such as cleaning of coastline off spilled oil products due to wreckage of sea and river ships, cleansing of land after accidents on oil pipelines, recycling of charred trees after forest fires, especially in remote places.
The aim of the invention is to provide a mobile pyrolysis machine capable to safely and efficiently destroy waste on-site.
The technical result of the invention is achieved as follows.
All zones are mounted on a metallic frame. Wastes are disposed in a continuous manner when they move through the working space of the machine.
Wastes are moved with a double-roller screw conveyor or box-shaped sealed metal containers .
Workspace is a reactor in the form of a double-roller screw conveyor or metal box-shaped tunnel, which contains several (5-7) box-shaped metal containers .
Waste acceptance zone is common backfill hopper using a screw conveyor or an open container tight-sealed with a lid after its loading.
Waste drying zone is a section of the machine workspace where waste is heated to a temperature of about 10° C lower than the temperature of initial release of gases from wastes.
The pyrolysis zone is a section of the machine workspace, where waste is heated to the temperature of gas release.
Zone for cooling and condensation of hydrocarbon vapors is a known tubular heat exchanger.
Cooling zone for solid charred products is a separate workspace where they are cooled to a temperature below 200 °C. A machine complete with augers cools solid charred products using water vapor supplied into the conveyor at the end of its interior space . A machine complete with container cools solid charred products by placing sealed containers in the open air for 1-2 hours
The machine may be transported in 20-40’ container.
Machine capacity is 5 to 500 m3/day.
Machine dimensions: width -
Machine weight - up to 4 tons.
See Figure for implementation of the machine.
As an example, consider a calculation of poultry farm wastes.
Poultry farm waste (humidity 50%) is delivered with a belt conveyor as Stream 1 to backfill hopper of Waste Acceptance Zone 1. Waste is transported by a screw conveyor to Drying Zone 2, where moisture in the form of steam as stream II, exits the machine working space and can be used for heating of the poultry farm premises. Next, dry waste is transported to Pyrolysis Zone 3 , where hydrocarbon vapor is discharged as Stream III through a metal pipe from the working space into the Cooling and Condensation Zone 4 . Chilled pyrolysis products in the form of gas , as Stream IV, and fluid flow as Stream V, are sent for further use as an alternative fuel in order to generate renewable heat and electricity for their own use or for supply to other consumers . Part of the fuel is fed to the combustion inside the machine workspace in order to maintain the required temperature of the pyrolysis process . The solid charred products are cooled in Zone 5 with a part of water steam supplied from Zone 2 by Stream II and are removed from the working space as Stream VI for further use as the activated carbon , or as briquettes of solid fuel.
Mobile pyrolysis machine with its Waste Acceptance Zone, Waste Drying Zone, Waste Pyrolysis Zone, Zone of Cooling and Condensation of Hydrocarbon Vapors, Zone for Cooling of Solid Charred Products benefits from its structure, where all zones are mounted on one metal frame and waste is continuously transported through the machine workspace.
